HIV/AIDS, a pandemic marked by stigma and rejection

Abstract

In 1981, the first cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) emerged among young men. Cuba reported its first cases in 1986. Today, this pandemic—associated with HIV-related stigma—affects diverse population groups, with millions having fallen ill and died from the virus’s impact on the immune system. Global access to antiretroviral treatment has increased, but late diagnosis remains a challenge, especially in low-resource countries. A significant proportion of people seek medical care when the infection is already advanced, which accelerates disease progression, fosters drug resistance, and heightens transmission risk. This highlights the need for early detection and treatment adherence to improve patient prognosis and quality of life.