Glioblastoma Treatment: An Analysis of Recent Advances

Abstract

Glioblastoma, the most frequently treated malignant brain tumor in adults, presents a poor prognosis, with high recurrence and poor survival. Conventional treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) is limited by its infiltrative nature and resistance induced by the tumor microenvironment. Current research focuses on understanding genetic and epigenetic changes to improve outcomes. Innovative approaches such as immunotherapy combined with virotherapy and T-cell therapy offer new hope, taking advantage of tumor-host interactions and immunogenic killing induced by oncolytic viruses. Additionally, immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, along with cancer vaccines, are being explored to activate the adaptive immune system. These advances promise to improve patient care and survival rates and represent a significant change in their treatment.