Molecular Aspects involved in the Pathophysiology of Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Keywords:
Campylobacter jejuni, COVID-19, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Guillain-Barré, ZikaAbstract
Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute, inflammatory, immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy, first described in 1916. It occurs with an incidence of one to two per 100,000 people, with 75% of infections by bacteria and viruses being the most common event prior to the development of the symptoms.
Objective: To characterize the molecular bases and bacterial and viral etiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted from November 2023 to January 2024, where the primary sources were: PubMed and Google Scholar and the secondary sources: SciELO Regional and SciELO Cuba. 40 were selected and included, of which 97.50% corresponded to the last five years.
Development: The infectious agents that most frequently cause Guillain-Barré syndrome are: Campylobacter jejuni, Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis E virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Epstein-Barr virus and Zika virus. The clinical presentation depends largely on the structure of the pathogenic lipooligosaccharides that activate the immune system, and autoantibodies develop that attack components of myelin or the axon, against glycolipid structures called gangliosides in the host's nerves.
Conclusions: The pathophysiology of Guillain-Barré Syndrome is related to bacterial and viral etiologies. Sometimes the diagnosis of the causal agent is difficult, since the clinical symptoms resulting from the attack on the peripheral nervous system appear sometimes later, when it is impossible to isolate the etiological agent and therefore, to specify its pathogenesis.
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